A free Basic UNIX-training with muLinux

In order to store this exercise on our work diskette, we put these into the floppy disk drive, mounten the drive after /a and change into the directory /a .
/ # mount /dev/fd0 /a
/ # cd /a
/ a # _

Searching and Finding of Files - with find and to Prove the Filetypes with file

/# find directory options

Unfortunately orders muLinux version of find do not lengthen over all possibilities like the standard version. It is however nevertheless amazing, as much university X-commands fit on a diskette.

The indicated directory is the start directory for the search. This directory and all sublists are searched. Usually unfavorable the general statement is to be indicated /, since the search lasts every now and then for a very long time.

Options

-name filename

-user username

-print

Examples

/#  find / -name passwd -print

It becomes, beginning from the general statement / , looked up for all files with " the names " passwd. These become through - print on the display output. In addition, error messages appear, there sublists of / proc not to be searched can. Who does not want to see these error messages, she sends simply into the garbage pail:

/# find / -name passwd -print 2> /dev/null

We modify this instruction (command retry also Cursor key up ), over after all files with the name LS to look up:

/# find / -name ls -print 2> /dev/null

This instruction finds also files, in which the letter sequence "ls" is.

/# find / -user craxi -print 2> /dev/null > /a/found.txt

All names of files users "craxi" are stored in " the file "found.txt" on the diskette. Error messages are ignored.

/#  find -h

The option -h lists all options of find.

Who has the possibility to a "right" Unix to operate, should itself absolutely the instruction find look at with all its options. Additionally there is there also the faster search instruction locate.

Find programs with which

/# which ls
/bin/ls

The program ls is thus in the directory /bin.

/# which find
/usr/bin/find

The program find is in the directory /usr/bin.

File type determine with file

file filename(s)

The instruction tries to find out due to the initial data in the file, which contents it concerns with the indicated file or the files.

Examples

/# file /etc
/etc: directory

/etc is thus a directory.

/# file /etc/passwd 
/etc/passwd: ASCII text or DATA

The file passwd is a ASCII file.

/# file /etc/ * | grep "link"

Here all everything becomes left in the directory /etc displayed.

/# file /bin/cat 
/bin/cat:  ELF executable

/bin/cat is an executable program.

Around this exercise to terminate we lift those mount - allocation of our work diskette up.
/ a # CD /
/ # umount / a
/ # _