A free Basic UNIX-training with muLinux

Special muLinux Programs

Assistance with help

/# ls /usr/doc/help

One would know itself now these supplementary texts also less to display leave. More comfortably it goes with the muLinux instruction help:

/# help

      Help muLinux Hypertextual System (807 bytes)
 _____           _
|_   _|__  _ __ (_) ___ ___   _
  | |/ _ \| '_ \| |/ __/ __| (_)
  | | (_) | |_) | | (__\__ \  _
  |_|\___/| .__/|_|\___|___/ (_)
          |_|

 FAQ                  format-floppy          runlevels
 FOR.THE.NEWBIE       ftp                    setup
 Tips                 hex-editor             sniffit
 VNC                  ipfwadm                sound
 XWindow              irc                    tcp
 archiving            job-scheduler          time-date
 browsing             keyboard               unix-tips.eng
 cdrom                lynx                   unix-tips.it
 cloning              mail                   unix.basic
 close-the-system     modem-terminal         vi.eng
 connect-to-internet  muless                 vi.it
 dos-unix             newsgroups             virtual-console
 fax                  partitions             web-server
 file-manager         pc2pc                  whois
 finger               printing

 | [p]rint | [q]uit 

The selection one of the green supported topics takes place with that [cursor keys up/down] and following acknowledgement also [Enter ]. The appropriate text is then displayed. Most texts are in English language. In addition, some are in Italian. Back to the Topic selection one comes along again q. A topic can also printed with p.

In "right" Unix it gives a short assistance for each instruction,  help command  one calls. One in the on-line one receives a detailed manual for every command: man command

Announcement of System Information with info

/# info

                         System Info
 _        __
(_)_ __  / _| ___    _
| | '_ \| |_ / _ \  (_)
| | | | |  _| (_) |  _                /proc based
|_|_| |_|_|  \___/  (_)                system info

Boot:      log

Processor:
           version    cpuinfo    ioports    dma        devices
           interrupts pci        pciprobe   stat
System:
           processes  meminfo    loadavg     uptime     scsi
           disks      modules    sound      inittab
           commands
FileSystem:
           supported  mounted
Network:
           interfaces routing    filtering  hostname   hosts
           nameserver services

[q]uit          (C)1999 Rustic Software Foundation, Inc.

The operation resembles of help . With that [ cursor keys up/down ] and [ Enter ] one point is selected. With p one prints and also q one returns again to the main menue.

To each point the instruction used by the script is displayed in the following in each case. At most points becomes with the instruction cat a file from the directory / proc displayed. One can test the instruction indicated here on a second console.

• Boot
  • log - Boot messages.
    dmesg
• Processor
  • version - Version of the Linux kernel.
    cat /proc/version
  • cpuinfo - Information about the processor.
    cat /proc/cpuinfo
  • ioports - Information about the i/o ports.
    cat /proc/ioports
  • dma - List of the used DMA-channels.
    cat /proc/dma
  • devices - List of the importand driver.
    cat /proc/devices
  • interrupts - Information about the interrupts.
    cat /proc/interrupts
  • pci - List of the found devices on the PCI bus.
    cat /proc/pci
  • pciprobe - PCI check.
    pciprobe
  • stat - List of general statistics of the system.
    cat /proc/stat
• System
  • processes - Current processes.
    ps
  • meminfo - Information about memory.
    cat /proc/meminfo
  • loadavg - Averages load of the system in the last minutes.
    cat /proc/loadavg
  • uptime - Time and idle since the system start in seconds.
    cat /proc/uptime
  • scsi - Information about SCSI devices.
    cat /proc/scsi/scsi
  • disks - Display the detected partitions of hard disks.
    fdisk -l
  • modules - Information about loaded modules. Modules extended the kernel.
    lsmod
  • sound - Information about the sound device.
    cat /dev/sndstat
  • inittab - Display the file /etc/inittab. This file contains the start procedures.
    cat /etc/inittab
  • commands - Display the content of the directories /bin and /usr/bin. Here are the general Unix commands. ls -R display the sub directories too.
    ls -R /bin /usr/bin
• FileSystem
  • supported - List of the supported filesystems.
    cat /proc/filesystems
  • mounted
    Type - Display the mounted file systems.
    mount
    Size - Display the free space of the mounted file systems.
    df
    
• Network (see chapter "Network Introduction")
  • interfaces - Display the network interfaces, for example loopback (lo), network cards (eth).
    ifconfig
  • routing - Display every routs
    route -n
  • filtering - Dsiplay the filter roules
    Input
    ipfwadm -l -I
    Output
    ipfwadm -l -O
    Forwarding
    ipfwadm -l -F
    Accounting
    ipfwadm -l -A
    
  • hostname - Display the hostname
    hostname
  • hosts - Display the file /etc/hosts.
    cat /etc/hosts
  • nameserver - Display the file /etc/resolv.conf.
    cat /etc/resolv.conf
  • services - Display the file /etc/services.
    cat /etc/services

Monitoring with mon

/# mon

             System Monitor (demo)

- System
            MEM TOT:     bytes
           MEM FREE:     bytes
               SWAP:     kB
                CPU:
            LOADAVG:
             UPTIME:     seconds
        PROCESSES #:

- Network
                 lo:   Tx:   Rx:

- IP accounting


Date  -- Control-C for stop 

• System
  • MEM TOT - Description of the whole memory.
    cat /proc/meminfo | grep "MemTotal"
  • MEM FREE - Description of the current memory utilization.
    cat /proc/meminfo | grep "MemFree"
  • SWAP - Display the free swap storage area.
    cat /proc/meminfo | grep "SwapFree"
  • CPU - Display the processor load.
    cat /proc/stat | grep "cpu"
  • LOADAVG - Display the average system load.
    cat /proc/loadavg
  • UPTIME - Display the time after the system start in seconds.
    cat /proc/uptime
  • PROCESSES # - Display the number of running processes.
    cat /proc/stat| grep "processes"
• Network - Information about the network load.
  cat /proc/net/dev
  • lo: loopback
  • Tx: transmit
  • Rx: receipt
• IP accounting - Acces rules for IP (internet protocol)
  cat /proc/net/ip_acct

The File manager pion

/# pion

PION: muLinux File Manager (local) Verzeichnis


long directory list


[1]:  [123] menus | [c]d | [d]elete | [C]opy | [e]dit |[q]uit | [h]elp
[2]:  [m]kdir | [p]rint | [f]ile type| he[x] edit | 
[3]:   -- in progress --

With the keys 1, 2 and 3 are addressable different menu. There is available the following instruction:

• cd - Change the current directory.
  cd
• delete - Deleting of files.
  rm
• Copy - Copying files.
  cp
• edit - Editing of files.
  vi
• quit - Quit pion.
  
• help - Help about pion
  
• mkdir - Create directory.
  mkdir
• print - Print a text file.
  lpr
• file type - Determining the file type.
  file
• hex edit - Hexadecimal editing of files.
  muhex